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Article Information
Article first published online: December 23, 2020; Issue published: September 1, 2021
Received: December 16, 2019; Accepted: August 23, 2020
Author
Eva Forsberg
Uppsala University
Stina Hallsén
Uppsala University
Marie Karlsson
Uppsala University
Helen Melander Bowden
Uppsala University
Tatiana Mikhaylova
Uppsala University and University of Gävle
Johanna Svahn
Uppsala University
Abstract
Purpose: Taking läxhjälp/homework support in Sweden as a case, this article aims to further explore shadow education, especially as a pedagogical object from curriculum theory perspective.
Design/Approach/Methods: Approaches including policy analyses, ethnomethodological work based on video-recorded interaction, and narratives have produced empirically grounded knowledge. We use examples from several substudies and analyze the reentry and regulation of supplementary education and how tutors and tutees interact in tutoring settings and negotiate identities in läxhjälp as well as the relation to regular schooling.
Findings: Läxhjälp is conditioned by the logic of equality and changes in the governance of läxhjälp. The proliferation of different kinds of tutoring practices provided by various organizations calls for a broad definition of shadow education. With curriculum as boundary object, equality and academic success are foundational. Different settings and spatiotemporal arrangements affect modes of interaction, distribution of epistemic authority, and negotiations of identities.
Originality/Value: With Sweden as a case, it is possible to explore shadow education in a new context, the Scandinavian welfare state, and its history of comprehensive education. Moreover, ethnomethodological interaction and narrative studies and curriculum perspectives are seldom employed within research on shadow education. A number of critical key boundary objects are identified.
Keywords
Boundary object, curriculum theory, homework support, identities, interaction, shadow education